The manchus were a people whom no longer wanted to live under rules of a Supreme Emperor and its communist policies. These people sought out far corners of China to build their own communities, language, culture, army etc. This was a rebellion. Once they had enough people and occupied enough land mass they started to move south into the rest of China. There is no border between Manchuria nad china and never was. The official language of ALL of CHINA is Mandarin!!! [ http://school.discovery.com/homeworkhelp/worldbook/atozpictures/lr003963.html ]